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PAC, 1992, 64, 143. Glossary for chemists of terms used in biotechnology (IUPAC Recommendations 1992), doi:10.1351/pac199264010143

active centre
active site in heterogeneous catalysis
active transport in biology
aerobe
aerobic conditions
affinity chromatography
agglutination
air-lift bioreactor
allele
allosteric enzymes
anabolism
anaerobe
antibody
anticodon
antigen
auxotrophy
base pairing
bioassay
biocatalyst
biochemical (biological) oxygen demand ( $BOD$ )
biochip
biodegradation
bioelectronics
biomass
biopolymers
bioreactor
biosensor
biosynthesis
biotechnology
biotransformation
blotting in biotechnology
bubble column
catabolism
catabolite repression
chemical oxygen demand ( $COD$ )
chemostat
chromosome
clone
codon
coenzyme
cofactors
communities (consortia, syntrophic or synergistic associations)
complementary DNA (cDNA)
conjugation in gene technology
constitutive enzymes
cooperativity
copy number in biotechnology
cross-flow filtration in biotechnology
crossing over in biotechnology
cytochromes
denaturation of a macromolecule
denitrification
deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)
dilution rate, $D$ in biotechnology
DNA probe
doubling time $t D$ in biotechnology
effector
endoenzymes
enzyme induction in general chemistry
enzyme repression
enzymes
epigenetic
epitope
exoenzymes
exon
expression in biotechnology
extremophiles
feed-back inhibition (end product inhibition) in biotechnology
fermentation
fermenter
frame-shift mutation
fusion in biotechnology
gene amplification
gene (cistron)
gene library
gene manipulation
generation time, $t G$ in biotechnology
genetic code
genome
genotype
Gram stain
growth rate in biotechnology
halophiles
hapten
heterotrophic (organisms)
histones
host
host-vector system
hybridization
hybridoma
hydrolases
immobilization in biotechnology
immunization
immunoassay
immunogen
immunoglobulin (Ig)
inducer in enzyme catalysis
induction in enzyme catalysis
inhibition
inoculation
insert in biotechnology
interferons
intron
isoenzyme
isomerases
lag phase in biotechnology
leader sequence in biotechnology
lectins
ligases (synthetases)
lyases
mapping in biotechnology
marker
mass transfer in biotechnology
meiosis
mesophiles
messenger RNA (mRNA)
metabolism
metabolite
methanogens
methylotrophic microorganisms
microbial leaching
microcarrier in biotechnology
mitochondria
mitosis
monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)
mutagenesis
mutation
mutation rate in biotechnology
neutrophilic organisms
nitrogen fixation
nucleic acids
nucleosides
nucleotide bases
nucleotides
operator gene
operon
organelles
origin of replication (ori)
oxidoreductases
phenotype
photophosphorylation
photosynthesis
plasmid
pleiotropic gene
ploidy
probe in biotechnology
productivity, $r$ in biotechnology
promoter (gene technology)
prophage
prosthetic group
proteases
protein engineering
protoplast
prototrophs
recognition site
recombinant DNA technology
regulator gene
replication
repression
residence time (hydraulic retention time), $t r$ in biotechnology
restriction enzymes
reverse transcriptases
ribonucleic acids (RNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
ribosomes
saprophyte
secondary metabolites
selection in biotechnology
sequencing (proteins, nucleic acids)
shear rate
shuttle vector
single cell protein (SCP)
species (taxonomic)
splicing
stationary phase (fermentation)
sticky ends in biotechnology
substrate in biocatalysis
template in biotechnology
terminator in biotechnology
thermophile
transcription in biotechnology
transduction in biotechnology
transfer RNA (tRNA)
transferases
transformation in gene technology
translation in biotechnology
transposon
ultrafiltration
vaccine
vector in biotechnology
yield, $Y$ in biotechnology
zygote