IUPAC Gold Book - Quantities

Quantities

A B C D E F G H IJK L M N O P Q R STUV WXYZ

quantity	symbol	referenced in	equation
term, $T$	$Math - math$	term, $T$	$T$
thermal conductance, $G$	$Math - math$	thermal conductance, $G$	$G$
thermal conductivity, $λ$	$Math - math$	thermal conductivity, $λ$	$λ$
		thermal conductivity, $λ$	$J q = − λ ∇ T$
thermal resistance, $R$	$Math - math$	thermal resistance, $R$	$R$
thermodynamic temperature, $T$	$Math - apply$	absolute activity, $λ$	$R T$
		absolute activity, $λ$	$T$
		absolute activity, $λ$	$λ = e μ R T$
		activation energy (Arrhenius activation energy)	$E a = R T 2 d ( ln k ) d T$
		activity coefficient, $f$ , $γ$	$R T ln ( x B f B ) = μ B cd T P x − μ B * cd T p$
		activity coefficient, $f$ , $γ$	$R T ln ( m B γ B m ⊖ ) = μ B − μ B − R T ln ( m B m ⊖ ) ∞$
		activity (relative activity), $a$	$a = e μ − μ 0 R T$
		Arrhenius equation	$k = A e − E a R T$
		biradical	$k B T$
		biradical	$T$
		carbonization	$T ∼ 1200 K$
		carbonization	$T ∼ 1600 K$
		cathodic transfer coefficient, $α c$	$α c ν = − R T n F ( ∂ ( ln ( \| I c \| ) ) ∂ E ) T , p , c i , ...$
		chemical equilibrium	$Δ G r = Δ G r o + R T ln K = 0$
		chemical equilibrium	$Δ G r o = − R T ln K$
		chemical potential, $μ B$	$μ B = ( ∂ G ∂ n B ) T , p , n C ≠ B$
		collision theory	$8 k B T π m$
		collision theory	$Z AA = 2 N A 2 σ 2 π k B T m$
		collision theory	$Z AB = N A N B σ 2 π k B T μ$
		collision theory	$z AA or z AB = L σ 2 8 π k B T μ$
		compensation effect	$T Δ ‡ S$
		compensation effect	$Δ ‡ G = Δ ‡ H − T Δ ‡ S$
		compensation in catalysis	$k = A e − E R T$
		conditional (formal) potential	$E cell = E c 0 ' − R T n F ∑ i ν i ln c i$
		differential capacitance	$C = ( ∂ Q ∂ E ) T , p , μ i , ...$
		differential molar energy of adsorption	$U i σ = ( ∂ U σ ∂ n i s ) T , m , n j σ = ( ∂ U ∂ n i σ ) T , m , V g , p i , n j σ$
		differential molar energy of adsorption	$U i s = ( ∂ U ∂ n i s ) T , m , V g , p i , n j σ = ( ∂ U ∂ n i s ) T , m , V g , V s , p i , n j s$
		differential molar energy of adsorption	$( ∂ U ∂ n i g ) T , V , n i g$
		diffusion potential	$∇ Φ = R T ∑ D i z i ∇ c i F ∑ s i 2 D i c i$
		electrocapillary equation	$s d T − τ d p + d γ + σ α d E + ∑ Γ j d μ j = 0$
		electrode reaction rate constants	$k c = k ox e α a ( E − E c 0' ) n F ν R T = k red e − α c ( E − E c 0' ) n F ν R T$
		energy of activation of an electrode reaction	$U ‡ = − R T ( ∂ ( ln I 0 ) ∂ T −1 ) p , c j , ...$
		energy of activation of an electrode reaction	$U ‡ η = − R ( ∂ ( ln ( \| I \| ) ) ∂ T −1 ) p , η , c j , ...$
		enthalpy of activation, $Δ ‡ H °$	$k = k B T h e Δ ‡ S ° R e − Δ ‡ H ° R T$
		Esin and Markov coefficient	$( ∂ E ∂ μ ) T , p , σ = − ( ∂ Γ ∂ σ ) T , p , μ$
		Esin and Markov coefficient	$T$
		Gibbs energy of activation (standard free energy of activation), $Δ ‡ G o$	$Δ ‡ G = R T ln ( k B h ) − ln ( k T )$
		Gibbs film elasticity	$E = A ( ∂ σ ∂ A ) T , p , n i$
		graphitization	$T > 2500 K$
		heat capacity, $C$	$C V = ( ∂ U ∂ T ) V$
		heat capacity, $C$	$C p = ( ∂ H ∂ T ) p$
		heat capacity of activation, $Δ ‡ C p o$	$Δ ‡ C p = ( ∂ Δ ‡ H ∂ T ) p = T ( ∂ Δ ‡ S ∂ T ) p$
		heat capacity of activation, $Δ ‡ C p o$	$ln k = a T + b + c ln T + d T$
		heat capacity of activation, $Δ ‡ C p o$	$Δ ‡ C p = ( c − 1 ) R + 2 d ( R T )$
		ideal gas	$p V = n R T$
		immobile adsorption	$k T$
		inversion height in atmospheric chemistry	$d T d z$
		ion pair	$q = 8.36 × 10 6 z + z − ɛ r T pm$
		isokinetic relationship	$T = β$
		isosteric enthalpy of adsorption	$H i s = ( ∂ H s ∂ n i s ) T , p , m , n j s$
		isosteric enthalpy of adsorption	$( ∂ H g ∂ n i g ) T , p , n i g$
		Krafft point	$1 T$
		Lippman's equation	$( ∂ γ ∂ E A ) T , p , μ i ≠ μ = − Q A$
		Marcus equation (for electron transfer)	$k ET = κ ET k T h exp ( − Δ G ‡ R T )$
		mean activity of an electrolyte in solution	$a ± = e ( μ B − μ B ⦵ ) ν R T$
		mean free path, $λ$	$λ B = 3 k T m m B$
		medium effect	$R T ln γ S 1 S 2 B = μ B o , S 2 − μ B o , S 1$
		metamagnetic transition	$T > T t$
		metastability of a phase	$k T$
		miscibility	$( ∂ 2 Δ mix G ∂ ϕ 2 ) T , p > 0$
		modified Arrhenius equation	$T n$
		modified Arrhenius equation	$k = B T n exp − E a R T$
		osmotic coefficient, $ϕ$	$ϕ = μ A * − μ A R T M A ∑ i m i$
		osmotic coefficient, $ϕ$	$ϕ = μ A * − μ A R T ln x A$
		osmotic pressure, $Π$	$Π = − R T V A ln a A$
		osmotic pressure, $Π$	$Π = c B R T = ρ B R T M B$
		pH	$− lg a H + γ Cl − = E − E ⦵ R T ln 10 / F + lg m Cl − / m ⦵$
		pre-exponential factor, $A$	$k = A exp ( − E a / R T )$
		Rehm–Weller equation	$k q = k d 1 + k d K d Z exp ( Δ G ‡ R T ) + exp ( Δ ET G o R T )$
		retention volumes in chromatography	$V g = 273 V N w L T$
		rotational correlation time, $τ c$ or $θ$	$D r = R T / 6 V η$
		standard chemical potential	$μ B o ( T )$
		standard electromotive force	$E ° = − Δ r G ° n F = R T n F ln K °$
		standard equilibrium constant, $K °$ , $K$	$K ° = e − Δ r G ° / R T$
		static stability	$− d T d z < Γ$
		strong collision	$k B T$
		surface chemical potential	$μ i σ = ( ∂ A σ ∂ n i σ ) T , A S , n j σ = ( ∂ G σ ∂ n i σ ) T , p , γ , n j σ$
		surface chemical potential	$μ i S = ( ∂ A S ∂ n i S ) T , V S , A S , n j S = ( ∂ G S ∂ n i S ) T , p , γ , n j S$
		surface excess Gibbs energy	$G σ = H σ − T S σ = A σ − γ A s$
		surface excess Helmholtz energy	$A σ = U σ − T S σ$
		temperature lapse rate in atmospheric chemistry	$d T d z$
		thermal conductivity, $λ$	$J q = − λ ∇ T$
		thickness of electrical double layer	$1 κ = ɛ r ɛ 0 R T F 2 ∑ i c i z i 2$
		thickness of electrical double layer	$1 κ = ɛ r R T 4 π F 2 ∑ i c i z i 2$
		transfer activity coefficient, $γ t$	$Δ t G ° = ν R T ln γ t$
		transition state theory	$k = k B T h K ‡$
		transition state theory	$k = k B T h exp ( Δ ‡ S ° R ) exp ( − Δ ‡ H ° R T )$
		transition state theory	$k = k B T h exp ( − Δ ‡ G ° R T )$
		virial coefficients	$p V m = R T ( 1 + B V m + C V m 2 + ... )$
		volume of activation, $Δ ‡ V$	$Δ ‡ V = − R T ( ∂ ( ln k ) ∂ p ) T$
threshold energy, $E 0$	$Math - math$	threshold energy, $E 0$	$E 0$
time, $t$	$Math - bvar$	absorbed (spectral) photon flux density	$d C d t$
		absorbed (spectral) photon flux density	$d c d t$
		activity, $A$ of a radioactive material	$A = − d N d t$
		Avrami equation	$1 − φ c = e − K t n$
		Avrami equation	$t$
		chemical flux, $φ$	$d C d t = ∑ φ C − ∑ φ − C$
		chemical flux, $φ$	$− d A d t = φ 1$
		chemical flux, $φ$	$− d A d t = d P d t = 0$
		compartmental analysis	$C = A e − α t + B e − β t ...$
		compartmental analysis	$t$
		dilution rate, $D$ in biotechnology	$d V d t$
		double-layer current	$i DL = d ( σ A ) d t$
		double-layer current	$t$
		emission anisotropy	$r t$
		emission anisotropy	$r ̄ = ∫ 0 ∞ r t I t ⁢ d t ∫ 0 ∞ I t ⁢ d t$
		emission anisotropy	$r t$
		emission anisotropy	$I t$
		emission anisotropy	$t$
		exponential decay	$A = A 0 e − λ t$
		fractional change of a quantity	$t$
		fractional selectivity in catalysis	$ξ i = d ξ i d t$
		growth rate in biotechnology	$d ( ln X ) d t$
		lifetime, $τ$	$c t = τ = c t = 0 e$
		lifetime, $τ$	$c t = τ 1/2 = c t = 0 2$
		magic angle	$I t β ∝ N t 1 + ( 3 cos 2 ⁡ β − 1 ) R t$
		magic angle	$R t$
		magic angle	$N t$
		magic angle	$I t β = 54.7 ° ∝ N t$
		mass-transfer-controlled electrolyte rate constant	$s B = − 1 c B d c B d t$
		mass-transfer-controlled electrolyte rate constant	$d c B d t$
		photon exposure, $H p$	$H p = ∫ t E p ⁢ d t$
		photon exposure, $H p$	$H p = E p t$
		photon flow, $Φ p$	$d N d t$
		photon flow, $Φ p$	$Φ p = N t$
		photon fluence, $H p , o$ , $F p , o$	$H p , o = F p , o = d N p / d S = ∫ t E p , o ⁢ d t$
		photon fluence, $H p , o$ , $F p , o$	$H p , o = F p , o = E p , o t$
		photon fluence rate, $E p , o$	$E p , o = d N p / d t d S = d H p , o / d t$
		photon fluence rate, $E p , o$	$E p , o = N p / t S$
		photon flux, $q p$ , $Φ p$	$q p = d N p / d t$
		quantum yield, $Φ$	$Φ λ = d x / d t q n , p 0 1 − 10 − A λ$
		quantum yield, $Φ$	$d x / d t$
		radiant energy, $Q$	$Q = P t$
		radiant exposure, $H$	$H = d Q / d S = ∫ t E ⁢ d t$
		radiant exposure, $H$	$H = E t$
		radiant power, $P$	$P = d Q / d t$
		radiant power, $P$	$P = Q / t$
		rate	$d x d t$
		rate of change of a quantity	$d Q d t$
		rate of change of a quantity	$d m d t$
		rate of change of a quantity	$d n d t$
		rate of change ratio	$d Q 1 / d t d Q 2 / d t$
		rate of change ratio	$d m 1 / d t d m 2 / d t$
		rate of change ratio	$d n 1 / d t d n 2 / d t$
		rate of consumption, $v n , B$ or $v c , B$	$v n B = − d n B d t$
		rate of consumption, $v n , B$ or $v c , B$	$v c B = − 1 V d n B d t$
		rate of consumption, $v n , B$ or $v c , B$	$v c B = − d [B] d t$
		rate of consumption, $v n , B$ or $v c , B$	$v c B = − d [B] d t − [B] V d V d t$
		rate of conversion, $ξ .$	$ξ . = d ξ d t$
		rate of conversion, $ξ .$	$ξ . = d ξ d t = 1 ν i d n i d t$
		rate of formation, $v n , y$ or $v c , y$	$v n Y = d n Y d t$
		rate of formation, $v n , y$ or $v c , y$	$v c Y = 1 V d n Y d t$
		rate of formation, $v n , y$ or $v c , y$	$v c Y = 1 V d n Y d t = d Y d t$
		rate of formation, $v n , y$ or $v c , y$	$v c Y = d Y d t + Y V d V d t$
		rate of reaction, $v$	$v = − 1 a d [A] d t = − 1 b d [B] d t = 1 p d [P] d t = 1 q d [Q] d t$
		rate of reaction, $v$	$ξ . = d ξ d t$
		rate of reaction, $v$	$ξ . = − 1 a d n A d t = − 1 b d n B d t = 1 p d n P d t = 1 q d n Q d t$
		rate of reaction, $v$	$− d [A] d t$
		rate of reaction, $v$	$d [P] d t$
		residual emission anisotropy	$r t = ( r 0 − r ∞ ) exp ( − t τ c ) + r ∞$
		rotational correlation time, $τ c$ or $θ$	$r t = r 0 exp ( − t τ c )$
		rotational correlation time, $τ c$ or $θ$	$r t$
		rotational frequency, $f rot$ in centrifugation	$f rot = d N d t$
		steady state (stationary state)	$− d [X] d t = d [A] d t + d [D] d t$
		steady state (stationary state)	$d [X] d t = 0$
		steady state (stationary state)	$d [D] d t = − d [A] d t = k 1 k 2 [A] [C] k −1 + k 2 [C]$
		steady state (stationary state)	$d [D] d t = k 2 [X] [C]$
		surface shear viscosity	$ζ s = Δ γ d ( ln A ) d t$
		time constant, $τ c$ of a detector	$1 − exp ( − t / τ c )$
		time constant, $τ c$ of a detector	$t = τ c$
		transfer	$d Q d t$
		transfer	$d m B d t$
		transfer	$d n B d t$
time constant, $τ c$ of a detector	$Math - math$	response time, $τ R$ of a detector	$τ c$
	$Math - apply$	time constant, $τ c$ of a detector	$1 − exp ( − t / τ c )$
		time constant, $τ c$ of a detector	$t = τ c$
time, $t$ of centrifugation	$Math - math$	time, $t$ of centrifugation	$t$
torque, $T$	$Math - apply$	electric dipole moment, $p$	$T = p × E$
		torque, $T$	$T$
total consumption time , $t tot$ in flame emission and absorption spectrometry	$Math - math$	total consumption time , $t tot$ in flame emission and absorption spectrometry	$t tot$
total velocity of the analyte, $ν tot$ in capillary electrophoresis	$Math - math$	total velocity of the analyte, $ν tot$ in capillary electrophoresis	$ν tot$
		total velocity of the analyte, $ν tot$ in capillary electrophoresis	$ν tot = ν ep + ν eo$
transit time, $t ts$ in flame emission and absorption spectrometry	$Math - math$	transit time, $t ts$ in flame emission and absorption spectrometry	$t ts$
transition wavenumber, $ν ˜$	$Math - math$	transition wavenumber, $ν ˜$	$ν ˜$
transmittance, $T$ , $τ$	$Math - math$	transmittance, $T$ , $τ$	$T$
		transmittance, $T$ , $τ$	$T = P λ P λ 0$
	$Math - math$	transmittance, $T$ , $τ$	$τ$
transport number, $t$	$Math - math$	transport number, $t$	$t$
travel time, $t tv$ in flame emission and absorption spectrometry	$Math - math$	travel time, $t tv$ in flame emission and absorption spectrometry	$t tv$
turbidity, $τ$ in light scattering	$Math - math$	turbidity, $τ$ in light scattering	$τ$