An extrachromosomal genetic element consisting generally of a circular duplex of
DNA which can replicate independently of chromosomal
DNA. R-plasmids are responsible for the mutual transfer of
antibioticresistance among microbes. Plasmids are used as
vectors for cloning
DNA in bacteria or yeast host cells.
Source:
PAC, 1992, 64, 143
(Glossary for chemists of terms used in biotechnology (IUPAC Recommendations 1992))
on page 162