Interaction of photons in a non-linear medium satisfying the energy and
conservation laws. During the interaction the photon frequencies are mixed and photon(s)
with different frequencies are created.
Note:
Optical parametric processes of three interacting beams, called frequency
mixing processes, are: second-harmonic generation (SHG),
sum-frequency generation (SFG), difference-frequency generation (DFG),
optical parametric generation and amplification (OPG and OPA), and optical parametric oscillation (OPO).