π-electron acceptor/donor group

A substituent capable of a +R (e.g. NO2) or −R (e.g. OCH3) effect, respectively.
See: electronic effect, polar effect, σ-constant
Source:
PAC, 1994, 66, 1077 (Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1155