The assumption is made that the sample can be subdivided into a crystalline phase
and an amorphous phase (the so-called two-phase model).
Both phases are assumed to have properties identical with those of their ideal states,
with no influence of interfaces.
The degree of crystallinity may be expressed either as the mass fraction or as the volume fraction, the two quantities being related by
where and are the densities of the entire sample and of the crystalline fraction, respectively.
The degree of crystallinity can be determined by several experimental techniques; among the most commonly used
are: (i) X-ray diffraction, (ii) calorimetry, (iii) density measurements, and (iv) infraredspectroscopy
(IR).
Imperfections in crystals are not easily distinguished from the amorphous phase. Also,
the various techniques may be affected to different extents by imperfections and interfacial
effects. Hence, some disagreement among the results of quantitative measurements of
crystallinity by different methods is frequently encountered.