A component,

,
of the angular spin moment

along an arbitrary axis (usually chosen as the z-direction).

can take the values between

and

:

,

,...,

,

.
The term is also used to denote an operation (spin-symmetry projection) allowing one
to eliminate
spin contamination in the cases where wavefunctions are not eigenfunctions of the operator

.
Source:
Cite as:
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by
A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic,
J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.
https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.