A system where excitation and observation are from the same face of the sample
(

,

where

=
angle of incidence of the exciting beam on the plane surface of the sample, and

=
angle between the exciting direction and observation direction.)
Source:
PAC, 1984, 56, 231
(Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-Part VI:
molecular luminescence spectroscopy)
on page 244
Cite as:
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by
A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic,
J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.
https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.