excess volume (at a solid/liquid interface)

Also contains definition of: excess mass (at a solid/liquid interface)

For a pure liquid, despite its low compressibility, the variation of density near a solid surface can be detected and measured. The total volume $V$ of a system consisting of solid and pure liquid is different from (usually less than) that calculated assuming a constant liquid density. If the densities of bulk solid ( $ρ sol$ ) and liquid ( $ρ l$ ) are known then an excess volume (usually negative) can be defined as:

$V σ = V − V sol − V ° = V − m sol ρ sol − m l ρ l$

where $m sol$ is the mass of solid, $V sol$ its volume calculated from the bulk density, $V °$ is the initial volume of liquid and $m l$ is the mass of liquid. The excess mass is given by:

$m σ = m l − ( V − V sol ) ρ l$

Source:

PAC, 1986, 58, 967 (Reporting data on adsorption from solution at the solid/solution interface (Recommendations 1986)) on page 972

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IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.

Last update: 2014-02-24; version: 2.3.3.

DOI of this term: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02237.

Original PDF version: http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/E02237.pdf. The PDF version is out of date and is provided for reference purposes only. For some entries, the PDF version may be unavailable.

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excess Rayleigh ratio		exchange current of an electrode reaction