This word is used with various different meanings, and when it is used it should be
defined. In thermodynamics '
adiabatic' is used in a macroscopic sense to refer to a process occurring in a thermally insulated
system, so that there is no flow of heat to or from the surroundings. In
reaction dynamics, the word has been used in a microscopic sense, with a range of meanings which have
only a tenuous relationship to the thermodynamic meaning or the etymology. Whereas
the thermodynamic meaning relates to conditions imposed on a process by an observer,
the microscopic meaning relates to conditions under which the process occurs naturally.
The microscopic meanings, as used in
reaction dynamics, all have in common the feature that quantum states remain unchanged during the course
of reaction. Different quantum states may be referred to:
-
A reaction in which there is no change of electronic state or multiplicity has been called adiabatic, or more specifically electronically adiabatic.
-
A reaction in which there is no change of vibrational state during the course of reaction
has been said to be vibrationally adiabatic. More loosely, the expression has been
applied to a process in which excess vibrational energy in the reactants appears as vibrational energy in the products, or in which ground-state vibration in the reactants leads to ground state vibration in the products.
-
A reaction in which excess rotational energy in the reactants appears as rotational
energy in the products, or in which ground-state rotation in the reactants leads to
ground-state rotation in the products, has been referred to as rotationally adiabatic.
-
In the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory of unimolecular reactions, a degree of freedom whose quantum number is more or less preserved during
energization and subsequent reaction has been called 'adiabatic'; the word 'inactive' has also been applied to it.
A reaction that is not adiabatic is referred to as nonadiabatic or diabatic, and some
workers make a distinction between the two words.
Source:
PAC, 1996, 68, 149
(A glossary of terms used in chemical kinetics, including reaction dynamics (IUPAC
Recommendations 1996))
on page 152
Cite as:
IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by
A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic,
J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.
https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.
